1. Pulverized coal is the
Explain:- Pulverized coal is the coal broken into fine particles.
2. Coal used in thermal power plant is also known as
Explain:- Coal used in thermal power plant is also known as steam coal.
3. In India most of the generators in thermal power plants run at
Explain:- In India most of the generators in thermal power plants run at 3000 rpm.
4. Standard frequency usually for electric power supply in India is
Explain:- Standard frequency usually for electric power supply in India is 50 Hz.
5. In power station practice "Spinning reserve" is
Explain:- In power station practice "Spinning reserve" is reserve generating capacity that is connected to bus and ready to take the load.
6. In a steam turbine cycle, the lowest pressure occurs in
Explain:- In a steam turbine cycle, the lowest pressure occurs in Condenser.
7. Which power plant has the lowest cost of operation ?
Explain:- Hydro electric power plant has the lowest cost of operation.
8. Within the boiler, the temperature of steam is highest in
Explain:- In boiler the temperature of steam is highest in Superheater.
9. In a thermal power plant a cooling tower cools
Explain:- In a thermal power plant a cooling tower cools water from condenser.
10. In which part of the steam power plant the pressure of steam is less than the atmospheric pressure ?
Explain:- In Condenser the pressure of steam is less than the atmospheric pressure in steam power plant.
11. In a super-heater
Explain:- In a super-heater pressure remains constant and temperature rises.
12. Which of the following enters in the super heater of a boiler ?
Explain:- Wet steam enters in the super heater of a boiler.
13. Super heated steam is always
At a pressure more than the boiler steam pressure
Explain:- Super heated steam is always at a temperature higher than the saturation temperature corresponding to a steam pressure.
14. The equipment installed in power plants to reduce air pollution due to smoke is
Explain:- Electrostatic precipitators are installed in power plants to reduce air pollution due to smoke.
15. Overall thermal efficiency of a steam power station is in the range
Explain:- Overall thermal efficiency of a steam power station is in the range 18-24%.
16. Low grade fuels have
Explain:- Low grade fuels have low calorific value.
17. The overall efficiency of a boiler in a thermal power plant is of the order of
Explain:- The overall efficiency of a boiler in a thermal power plant is of the order of 70 to 80%..
18. Ash content of coal can be reduced by
Explain:- Ash content of coal can be reduced by washing the coal with acids and alkali.
19. Solvent refined coal has low percentage of
Explain:- Solvent refined coal has low percentage of sulpher, ash and impurities.
20. In India largest thermal power station is located at
Explain:- In India largest thermal power station is located at Chandrapur.
21. India’s first nuclear power plant was installed at
Explain:- India’s first nuclear power plant was installed at Tarapur.
22. A steam power station requires space
Explain:- A steam power station requires space more than diesel power station.
23. Economiser is used to heat
Explain:- Economiser is used to heat feedwater.
24. The modern steam turbines are
Explain:- The modern steam turbines are Impulse-Reaction turbine.
25. In a steam power plant, the function of a condenser is
Explain:- In a steam power plant, the condenser performs all of the above functions.
26. Pipes carrying steam are generally made up of
Explain:- Pipes carrying steam are generally made up of steel.
27. Steam turbines commonly used in steam power station are
Explain:- Steam turbines commonly used in steam power station are .
28. The average ash content in Indian coals is about
Explain:- The average ash content in Indian coals is about 20 Percentage.
29. Load centre in a power station is the
Explain:- Load centre in a power station is the centre of gravity of electrical system.
30. Economisers improve boiler efficiency by
Explain:- Economisers improve boiler efficiency by 4 to 10%.
31. Steam pressure in a steam power station, which is usually kept now-a-days is of the order of
Explain:- Steam pressure in a steam power station, which is usually kept now-a-days is of the order of 150 kgf/cm2.
32. Compounding of steam turbine is used to
Explain:- Compounding of steam turbine is used to reduce the rotor speed.
33. Deaerative heating is used to
Explain:- Deaerative heating is used to remove the dissolved gases in the water.
34. In coal preparation plant, magnetic separators are used to remove
Explain:- In coal preparation plant, magnetic separators are used to remove iron particles.
35. The efficiency of a modern boiler using coal and heat recovery equipment is about
Explain:- The efficiency of a modern boiler using coal and heat recovery equipment is about 85 to 90%.
36. Turbo alternator runs at a speed of
Explain:- Turbo alternator runs at a speed of 3000 rpm.
37. The governing principle of steam turbines are
Explain:- Steam turbines are governed by the all of the above methods.
38. The draught produced by the chimney is
Explain:- The draught produced by the chimney is Natural draught.
39. A condenser condenses the steam coming out from
Explain:- A condenser condenses the steam coming out from Turbine.
40. Water used in the steam plant is used for cooling in
Explain:- Water used in the steam plant is used for cooling in condenser.
41. Why is pulverised coal used?
Explain:- For better burning Pulverised coal is used.
42. What is the important factor in fuel selection?
Explain:- Calorific value and cost of fuel are the important factor in fuel selection.
43. What is Thermal efficiency of steam power plant ?
Explain:- The thermal efficiency of a steam plant is defined as the ratio of heat equivalent of mechanical energy transmitted to the turbine shaft to the heat of combustion of coal.
44. What is the overall efficiency of the thermal plant ?
Explain:- The ratio of heat equivalent of electrical output to the heat of combustion of coal is called the overall efficiency of Thermal power plant.
45. Fan is located in induced draught
Explain:- Fan is located near bottom of chimney in induced draught .
46. Economiser is used to heat
Explain:- Economiser is used to heat feedwater .
47. Artificial draught is produced by
Explain:- Artificial draught is produced by both induced fan and forced fan.
48. The major heat loss in a staem power station occurs in
Explain:- The major heat loss in a staem power station occurs in condenser.
49. The cost of fuel transportation is maxmimun in
Explain:- The cost of fuel transportation is maxmimun in Thermal power plant.
50. Which of the following station is least efficient
Explain:- Thermal power plant is least efficient.
51. Standby loss is maximum in
Explain:- Standby loss is maximum in Thermal power plant.
52. Which of the following have highest operating cost?
Explain:- Thermal power plant has highest operating cost.
53. Which of the following least affect the cost of electricity produced in thermal power plant?
Explain:- Salaries of higher officials has least effect on the cost of electricity produced in thermal power plant.
54. What is the principle of operation of steam power plant?
Explain:- Thermal power plant works on the principle of Rankine cycle.
55. Air- preheater in a steam power plant
Explain:- Air- preheater in a steam power plant performs all of the above operations.
56. The definition of the draught system is
Explain:- The difference between absolute gas pressure at any point in a gas flow and the ambient atmospheric pressure is called draught.
57. Ash handling system is mainly divided into____systems
Explain:- Ash handling system is mainly divided into all of the above systems.
58. The elements that are combustible in the fuel are
Explain:- The elements that are combustible in the fuel are carbon, Hydrogen and sulphur.
59. On which factor does the calorific value of coal depend?
Explain:- The calorific value of coal depends on Ash content.
60. Rankine efficiency of a steam power plant
Explain:- Rankine efficiency of a steam power plant improves in winter as compared to that in summer.
61. The overall efficiency of thermal power plant is equal to
Explain:- The overall efficiency of thermal power plant is equal to (Boiler efficiency x turbine efficiency x generator efficiency).
62. Rankine cycle efficiency of a good steam power plant may be in the range of
Explain:- Rankine cycle efficiency of a good steam power plant may be in the range of 35 to 45 percent.
63. Most efficient plants are normally used as
Explain:- Most efficient plants are normally used as base load plant.
64. Generators for peak load plants are usually designed for maximum efficiency at
Explain:- Generators for peak load plants are usually designed for maximum efficiency at 50 to 75 percent of full load .
65. Which type of coal has highest ash content
Explain:- The coal with highest ash content is Lignite.
66. Which type of coal has lowest ash content
Explain:- The coal with highest ash content is Anthracite.
67. Which type of system is mainly employed for the disposal of fly ash
Explain:- Hydraulic and Pneumatic type of systems are mainly employed for the disposal of fly ash.
68. The air preheater increases the temp of the air by about
Explain:- The air preheater increases the temp of the air by about 20°.
69. What is function of the air pumps in the condenser?
Explain:- The function of the air pumps in the condenser is Air leaking in the condenser and to maintain the vacuum .
70. Spray ponds are used to cool the warm water coming from the condenser in
Explain:- Spray ponds are used to cool the warm water coming from the condenser in small power plants.
71. Equipment used for pulverizing the coal is known as
Explain:- Equipment used for pulverizing the coal is known as Ball mill.
72. The efficiency of a thermal power plant improves with
Explain:- The efficiency of a thermal power plant improves with use of high steam pressures.
73. Steam pressures usually used in thermal power plants are
Explain:- Steam pressures usually used in thermal power plants are 110 kg/cm2 to 170 kg / cm2.
74. When pulverized fuel is not used then which equipment is used for supplying coal to the boiler
Explain:- When pulverized fuel is not used, the equipment used for supplying coal to the boiler is Stoker.
75. Burning of low grade fuel can be improved by
Explain:- Burning of low grade fuel can be improved by all of the above methods.
76. Water is supplied to the boiler
Explain:- Water is supplied to the boiler at more than the steam pressure on the boiler.
77. Permissible pH value of water for boilers is
Explain:- Permissible pH value of water for boilers is slightly more than 7.
78. What is the maximum size of steam turbine usually being installed, for thermal power plants in India?
Explain:- The maximum size of steam turbine usually being installed, for thermal power plants in India is 600 MW.
79. In a power plant, coal is carried from storage place to boilers generally by means of
Explain:- In a power plant, coal is carried from storage place to boilers generally by means of V- Belts.
80. What is live storage of coal in a power plant
Explain:- Live storage of coal in a power plant means storage of coal sufficient to meet 24 hour demand of the plant.
81. Which of the following contributes to the improvement of efficiency of Rankine cycle in a thermal power plant?
Explain:- All of the above contributes to the improvement of efficiency of Rankine cycle in a thermal power plant.
82. As steam expands in turbine
Explain:- As steam expands in turbine its specific volume increases.
83. In regenerative cycle, bled steam is
Explain:- In regenerative cycle, bled steam is used to beat feed water for boiler.
84. The steam consumption per kWh of electricity generated in a modem power plant is of the order of
Explain:- The steam consumption per kWh of electricity generated in a modem power plant is of the order of 5-7 kgs.
85. In a thermal power plant cooling towers are used to
Explain:- In a thermal power plant cooling towers are used to cool water used in condenser for condensing steam.
86. A 100 MW thermal power-plant will consume nearly how many tonnes of coal in one hour?
Explain:- A 100 MW thermal power-plant will consume nearly 50 tonnes of coal in one hour.
87. What is Caking?
Explain:- In boiler furnace some coals become plastic and form lumps or masses of coal is called Caking.
88. Which of the following is not an accessory for a boiler ?
Explain:- Condenser is not an accessory for a boiler.
89. Which power plant normally operates at high speeds?
Explain:- Thermal power plants normally operates at high speeds.
90. In a steam power plant which pipe line section is invariably lagged?
Explain:- In a steam power plant pipes carrying steam from boiler to turbine line section is invariably lagged.
91. What is Coking?
Explain:- Heating of coal in absence of air, driving out CO2 and leaving behind the residue and carbon is called Coking. .
92. Electrostatic precipitator is installed between
Explain:- Electrostatic precipitator is installed between boiler furnace and chimney.
93. Fly ash generally results from
Explain:- Fly ash generally results from pulverized coal boilers.
94. Generally the major constituent of exhaust gases from a thermal power plant is
Explain:- Generally the major constituent of exhaust gases from a thermal power plant is Nitrogen.
95. Which of the following equipment is installed in Thermal power plant to minimize pollution of surroundings?
Explain:- Electrostatic precipitator is installed in Thermal power plant to minimize pollution of surroundings.
96. Which of the following equiment, in a steam power plant, needs maximum maintenance?
Explain:- Boiler in a steam power plant, needs maximum maintenance.
97. Which of the following is the essential requirement of peak load plant?
Explain:- A peak load plant should start quickly.
98. In which of the following power plant the maintenance cost is usually high?
Explain:- In Thermal power plant the maintenance cost is usually high.
99. A steam turbine without nozzle is
Explain:- A steam turbine without nozzle is Reaction Turbine.
100. The draught which a chimney produces is called
Explain:- The draught which a chimney produces is called Natural draught.
101. The elements that are combustible in the fuel are
Explain:- The elements that are combustible in the fuel are Carbon, Hydrogen and Sulphur.
102. Evaporative type of condenser has
Explain:- Evaporative type of condenser has steam in pipes surrounded by water.
103. Ash handling system is mainly divided into
Explain:- Ash handling system is divided into all of the above systems.
104. What is the function of Air- preheater in a steam power plant ?
Explain:- Air- preheater in a steam power plant performs all of the above functions.
105. Which material is used for the manufacture of the turbine blades?
Explain:- High nickel alloy is used for the manufacture of the turbine blades.
106. Major share of power generated in India is through which means?
Explain:- Major share of power generated in India is through Thermal power plant.
107. Compounding of steam turbine is done for
Explain:- Compounding of steam turbine is done for reducing the rotor speed.
108. In regenerative cycle feed water is heated by
Explain:- In regenerative cycle feed water is heated by draining steam from the turbine.
109. Reheat cycle in steam power plant is used to
Explain:- Reheat cycle in steam power plant is used to increase thermal efficiency.
110. In Rankine cycle the work output from the turbine is given by
Explain:- In Rankine cycle the work output from the turbine is given by change of enthaply between inlet and outlet.
111. Reheat factor is the ratio of
Explain:- Reheat factor is the ratio of cumulative actual enthalpy drop for the stages to total is isentropic enthalpy heat drop.
112. In steam turbines the reheat factor
Explain:- In steam turbines the reheat factor increases with the increase in number of stages.
112. The value of reheat factor normally varies from
Explain:- The value of reheat factor normally varies from 1.02 to 1.06.
113. Reheat factor in steam turbines depends on
Explain:- Reheat factor in steam turbines depends on initial pressure and temperature.
114. In De Laval steam turbine
Explain:- In De Laval steam turbine the pressure in the turbine rotor is approximately same as in conndenser.
115. Incase of reaction steam turbine
Explain:- Incase of reaction steam turbine there is enthalpy drop both in fixed and moving blades.
116. Steam turbines are governed by the following methods
Explain:- Steam turbines are governed by the all of the above methods.
117. For the safety of a steam boiler the number of safety valves fitted are
Explain:- For the safety of a steam boiler the number of safety valves fitted are 4.
118. Regenerative cycle thermal efficiency
Explain:- Regenerative cycle thermal efficiency is always greater than simple Rankine thermal efficiency.
119. The draught produced by steel chimney as compared to that produced by brick chimney for the same height is
Explain:- The draught produced by steel chimney as compared to that produced by brick chimney for the same height is more.
120. For the induced draught the fan is located
Explain:- For the induced draught the fan is located near bottom of Chimney.
121. The efficiency of chimney is approximately
Explain:- The efficiency of chimney is approximately 0.25%.
122. Primary air is that air which is used to
Explain:- Primary air is that air which is used to transport and dry the coal.
123. Secondary air is the air used to
Explain:- Secondary air is the air used to provide air around burners for getting optimum combustion.
124. The overall efficiency of thermal plant is low due to low efficiency of
Explain:- The overall efficiency of thermal plant is low due to low efficiency of Steam turbine and condenser.
125. Heat balance in a boiler furnace is improved by sending air to the furnace
Explain:- Heat balance in a boiler furnace is improved by sending air to the furnace at high temperature.
126. Induced draught fan in steam power plant is used to create draught
Explain:- Induced draught fan in steam power plant is used to create draught in the Chimney.
127. Turbo alternators are used in thermal plants is
Explain:- Turbo alternators are used in thermal plants is Cylindrical rotor type.
128. Feedwater in the economizer is in the form of
Explain:- Feedwater in the economizer is in the form of water at high temperature.
129. The pressure at the furnace is minimum in case of
Explain:- The pressure at the furnace is minimum in case of Balanced draught system.
130. Critical pressure ratio of a convergent nozzle is defined as
Explain:- Critical pressure ratio of a convergent nozzle is defined as the ratio of outlet pressure to inlet pressure only when mass flow rate per unit area is maximum .
131. Belt conveyer can be used to transport coal at inclinations upto
Explain:- Belt conveyer can be used to transport coal at inclinations upto 30 degree.
132. Evaporative type of condenser has
Explain:- Evaporative type of condenser has Steam in pipes surrounded by water.
133. The height of chimney in a staem power plant is governed by
Explain:- The height of chimney in a staem power plant is governed by the draught to be produced.
134. In supercritical pressure steam power plant temperature of steam is
Explain:- In supercritical pressure steam power plant temperature of steam is 600 Degree.
135. For forced draught system, the function of chimney is mainly
Explain:- For forced draught system, the function of chimney is mainly to produce draught to accelerate the combustion of fuel.
136. Binary vapour cycles are used to
Explain:- Binary vapour cycles are used to increase the efficiency of the plant.
137. Which of following is correct statement about water tube boiler
Explain:- Water flows through the tube in Water tube boiler.
138. What is the modern trend in electric power generation?
Explain:- The modern trend in electric power generation is to have large size thermal plants located near coal fields.
139. Major share of power generated in India is through which means?
Explain:- Major share of power generated in India is through Thermal power plants.
140. Out of the following which one is not a unconventional source of energy?
Explain:- Nuclear energy is not a unconventional source of energy.
141. For low head and high discharge, the hydraulic turbine used is
Explain:- For low head and high discharge, the hydraulic turbine used is Kaplan turbine.
142. A graphical representation between discharge and time is known as
Explain:- A graphical representation between discharge and time is known as Hydrograph.
143. Advantage of hydro-electric power station is
Explain:- All of the above are the advantages of hydro-electric power station.
144. In hydro power plants
Explain:- In hydro power plants initial cost is high and operating cost is low.
145. Which power plant is free from environmental pollution problems?
Explain:- Hydro power plant is free from environmental pollution problems.
146. In pumped storage Hydro power plants
Explain:- In pumped storage downstream water is pumped up-stream during off load periods.
147. In a hydro-electric plant a conduct system for taking water from the intake works to the turbine is known as
Explain:- In a hydro-electric plant a conduct system for taking water from the intake works to the turbine is known as Penstock.
148. Pelton wheels are installed on
Explain:- Pelton wheels are installed on high head Hydro power plants.
149. Francis turbine is used in which type of Hydro power plant
Explain:- Francis turbine is used in medium head Hydro power plants.
150. A Kaplan turbine is used in
Explain:- Kalpan turbine is used in low head Hydro power plants.
151. Outward radial flow turbines
Explain:- Outward radial flow turbines may be impulse or reaction turbines.
152. A Pelton wheel is
Explain:- A Pelton wheel is axial flow impulse turbine.
153. A Francis turbine is
Explain:- A Francis turbine is inward flow reaction turbine.
154. Running away speed of a Pelton wheel is
Explain:- Running away speed of a Pelton wheel is no load speed when governor mechanism fails.
155. Which of the following hydraulic turbine is used for water heads exceeding 400 meters?
Explain:- Pelton wheel hydraulic turbine is used for water heads exceeding 400 meters.
156. Which of the following generation station has minimum running cost?
Explain:- Hydro electric power station has minimum running cost.
157. Water hammer is developed in
Explain:- Water hammer is developed in Penstock.
158. Effect of water hammer is reduced by using
Explain:- Effect of water hammer is reduced by using surge tank.
159. Vacuum is created in penstock when the turbine gates are suddenly
Explain:- Vacuum is created in penstock when the turbine gates are suddenly opened.
160. As compared to steam-stations, hydro-electric stations have
Explain:- As compared to steam-station, hydro-electric station have all of the above properties.
161. The curve between discharge in m3/s and time is called
Explain:- The curve between discharge in m3/s and time is called Hydrograph.
162. The rotor used in alternators of hydro-electric station is
Explain:- The rotor used in alternators of hydro-electric station is Salient rotor.
163. Prime movers for water turbines are
Explain:- Reaction turbines are used for low and medium heads and Impulse turbines are used for medium and high heads.
164. Surge tank is located
Explain:- Surge tank is located near power house and at an elevated place.
165. A positive pressure is developed in the penstock when the alternator load is suddenly
Explain:- A positive pressure is developed in the penstock when the alternator load is suddenly Decreased.
165. Spillways are used to
Explain:- Spillways are used to discharge surplus water on the downstream side of dam.
166. For conventional power plants, running cost is minimum for
Explain:- For conventional power plants, running cost is minimum for Hydro power plant.
167. Power plant is expected to have the longest life is
Explain:- Power plant is expected to have the longest life is Hydro power plant.
168. Surge tank is for the protection of
Explain:- Surge tank is for the protection of Penstock.
169. Francis,kaplan and propeller turbines fall under the category of
Explain:- Francis,kaplan and propeller turbines fall under the category of Reaction Turbine.
170. In reaction turbine, function of the draft tube is
Explain:- In reaction turbine, function of the draft tube is to reduce water hammer effect.
171. Pelton turbine is suitable for high head and
Explain:- Pelton turbine is suitable for high head and low discharge.
172. Which is the most suitable place to build a hydroelectric power plant?
Explain:- Hilly area is the most suitable place to build a hydroelectric power plant.
173. Hydro-graph is a graph that shows
Explain:- Hydro-graph is a graph that shows Load curve. Hydrograph is a graph that indicates the power available at different streams of water. It helps us determine the load curve. This load curve is used to determine the electrical power so developed in the hydroelectric power plant.
174. What is the function of a pump storage scheme?
Explain:- The function of a pump storage scheme is to improve plant capacity factor.
175. Gross head is defined as
Explain:- Gross head is defined as the difference of water level between the head race and tail race.
176. Which among the following is used as a regulating reservoir?
Explain:- Forebay is used as a regulating reservoir.
177. Pelton wheel turbine is used for minimum of the following heads
Explain:- Pelton wheel turbine is used for 180 meter and above heads.
178. The cost of fuel transportation is minimum
Explain:- The cost of fuel transportation is minimum in Hydro power plant.
179. The most simple and keen plant is
Explain:- The most simple and keen plant is Hydro power plant.
180. Pelton turbines are mostly
Explain:- Pelton turbines are mostly horizontal.
181. Location of the surge tank in a hydro-electric station is near to the
Explain:- Location of the surge tank in a hydro-electric station is near to the Reservoir.
182. The power output from a hydro-electric power plant depends on three parameters
Explain:- The power output from a hydro-electric power plant depends on three parameters head, discharge and efficiency of the system.
183. In high head hydro power plant the velocity of water in penstock is about
Explain:- In high head hydro power plant the velocity of water in penstock is about 7 m/s.
184. Francis turbine is usually used for
Explain:- Francis turbine is usually used for medium head installation from 30 m to 180 m.
185. Which power plant is invariably used for peak load?
Explain:- Pumped storage Hydro power plant is invariably used for peak load.
186. Which turbine has highest speed?
Explain:- Kalpan turbine has the highest speed. Francis turbine has a specific speed of 60 to 300 rpm. Specific speed of Pelton turbine is lowest. Speed of Kaplan turbine is 2 to 3 times more than that of Francis turbine.
187. Trash racks are located
Explain:- Trash racks are located at the Intake.
188. Which of the following is the correct equation for the electrical power generated by the hydroelectric power plant?
Explain:- The electrical power generated by the hydroelectric power plant P = 0.845 ×wQHη Watt.
189. Which of the following is not a requirement for site selection of hydroelectric power plant?
Explain:- Sedimentation is not a requirement for site selection of hydroelectric power plant.
190. Hydroelectric power plant is
Explain:- Hydroelectric power plant is Conventional source of energy.
191. Which of the following is not an advantage of hydroelectric power plant?
Explain:- Output of such plants is never constant. This is because of their dependency over flow rate of water in river which is seasonal. No fuel requirement low running cost and no standby losses are advantages of hydroelectric power plants.
192. Particles having the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called
Explain:- Particles having the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called Isotopes.
193. Which of the following material can be used as a moderator?
Explain:- All of the above materials can be used as a moderator.
194. Isotopes of uranium are
Explain:- All of the above materials can be used as a moderator.
195. A fast breeder reactor
Explain:- A fast breeder reactor operates with fast neutrons and produces more fissionable material than it consumes.
196. Deuterium oxide in nuclear reactors is used as
Explain:- Deuterium oxide (Heavy water) is used in nuclear reactors as Moderator.
197. In which power plant fuel transportation cost is least ?
Explain:- In Nuclear power plant fuel transportation cost is least.
198. In For which of the following power plants highly skilled engineers are required for running the plants?
Explain:- In Nuclear power plant highly skilled engineers are required for running the plants.
199. Which of the following plant is almost inevitably used as base load power plant?
Explain:- A Nuclear power plant is almost inevitably used as base load power plant.
200. Which of the following place is not associated with nuclear power plants in India?
Explain:- There is no Nuclear power plant in Bangalore.
201. Following power plant has instant starting
Explain:- Both Hydro and Diesel power plant have instant starting.
202. Nuclear reactors generally employ
Explain:- Nuclear reactors generally employ fission reaction.
203. Formula of Heavy water is
Explain:- Formula of Heavy water is D2O.
204. Location of nuclear plant is
Explain:- Location of nuclear plant is independent of the geographical factors and requires large quantity of water.
205. Cooling system used in nuclear reactor serves to
Explain:- Cooling system used in nuclear reactor serves to Direct cooling.
206. Single circuit coolant system is preferred in
Explain:- Single circuit coolant system is preferred in Pressurized water reactor.
207. Coolant used is fast breeder reactor is
Explain:- The Coolant used is fast breeder reactor is Sodium.
208. Moderator used in fast breeder reactor is
Explain:- No Moderator is used in fast breeder reactor.
209. In fast breeder reactors, neutron shielding is provided by
Explain:- In fast breeder reactors, neutron shielding is provided by Boron.
210. In a nuclear power station, moderator is used to
Explain:- In a nuclear power station, moderator is used to reduce the speed of neutrons.
211. Commonly used atomic fuels are
Explain:- Commonly used atomic fuels are Uranium-235, Thorium-232, Plutonium-239.
212. The heat produced by 1 kg of atomic fuel is equal to that produced by coal of weight
Explain:- The heat produced by 1 kg of atomic fuel is equal to that produced by coal of weight 4237 tons.
213. Coolants used in reactors are
Explain:- All of the above metals are used as Coolant in reactors.
214. Reflector used in nuclear reactor serves to
Explain:- Reflector used in nuclear reactor serves to reflect back the escaping neutrons and improve its economy.
215. Percentage of U-235 in natural uranium is
Explain:- Percentage of U-235 in natural uranium is 0.7.
216. Percentage of U-238 in natural uranium is
Explain:- Percentage of U-238 in natural uranium is 99.3.
217. Coolant used in nuclear reactors should have
Explain:-Coolant used in nuclear reactors should have low melting and high boiling point.
218. Which of the following plant has maximum efficiency?
Explain:- Hydro power plant has the maximum efficiency (85%).
219. In case of which power plant fuel transportation is the major problem?
Explain:- Incase of Thermal power plant fuel transportation is the major problem.
220. The expected useful life of an hydroelectric power station is around
Explain:- The expected useful life of an hydroelectric power station is around 100 years.
221. Thorium Breeder Reactors are most suitable for India because
Explain:- Thorium Breeder Reactors are most suitable for India because abundance of thorium deposits are available in India.
222. The first nunclear power plant in India is located at
Explain:- The first nunclear power plant in India is located at Tarapur.
223. The nuclear power plant at Tarapur has the following reactor
Explain:- The nuclear power plant at Tarapur has the Boiling water Reactor.
224. The efficiency of a nuclear power plant in comparison to a conventional thermal power plant is
Explain:- The efficiency of a nuclear power plant in comparison to a conventional thermal power plant is Less.
225. A nuclear unit becoming critical means
Explain:- A nuclear unit becoming critical means chain reaction that causes automatic splitting of the fuel nuclei has been established.
226. The energy released per one fission of U-238 is
Explain:- The energy released per one fission of U-238 is 199 MeV.
227. In closed cooling system
Explain:- In closed cooling system hot water is recirculated after cooling.
228. Breeder reactor has a conversion ratio of
Explain:- Breeder reactor has a conversion ratio of of greater than unity.
229. In nuclear fission
Explain:- In nuclear fission the original elements change into completely different elements.
230. The most commonly used moderator in nuclear power plant is
Explain:- The most commonly used moderator in nuclear power plant is Graphite.
231. One gram of uranium will produce energy equivalent to approximately
Explain:- One gram of uranium will produce energy equivalent to approximately 4.5 tonne of high grade coal.
232. The energy required to be applied to a radioactive nucleus for the emission of a neutron is
Explain:- The energy required to be applied to a radioactive nucleus for the emission of a neutron is 20 MeV.
233. Enriched uranium is one in which
Explain:- Enriched uranium is one in which percentage of U-235 has been artificially increased .
234. Ferrite material is
Explain:- Ferrite material is the material which absorbs neutrons and undergoes spontaneous changes leading to the formation of fissionable material.
235. In nuclear fission each neutron that causes fission releases
Explain:- In nuclear fission each neutron that causes fission releases more than one new neutrons.
236. Which of the following are ferrite materials
Explain:- U-238 and Pu-239 are the ferrite materials.
237. A nuclear fission is initiated when the critical energy as compared to neutron binding energy of the atoms is
Explain:- A nuclear fission is initiated when the critical energy as compared to neutron binding energy of the atoms is more.
238. The commonly used material for shielding in Nuclear power plant is
Explain:- The commonly used material for shielding in Nuclear power plant is lead or concrete.
239. The main interest of shielding in nuclear reactor is protection against
Explain:- The main interest of shielding in nuclear reactor is protection against Neutrons and Gamma rays.
240. Ideally the neutron flux in reactor should be
Explain:- Ideally the neutron flux in reactor should be uniform throughout.
241. U-235 will undergo fission by
Explain:- U-235 will undergo fission by either fast or slow neutrons.
242. U-238 will undergo fission by
Explain:- U-238 will undergo fission by high energy (fast) neutrons alone.
243. Natural uranium is made up of
Explain:- Natural uranium is made up of 99.282% U-238, 0.712% U-235, 0.006% U-234.
244. The first nuclear power plant in the world was commissioned in
Explain:- The first nuclear power plant in the world was commissioned in USSR.
245. In which power plant minimum quantity of fuel is required
Explain:- In Nuclear power plant minimum quantity of fuel is required.
246. The avarage thermal efficiency of modern nuclear power plant is about
Explain:- The avarage thermal efficiency of modern nuclear power plant is about 30%.
247. Reflectors of a nuclear reactors are made of
Explain:- Reflectors of a nuclear reactors are made of Beryllium.
248. The most commonly used moderator is
Explain:- The most commonly used moderator is Graphite.
249. The function of the moderator in a nuclear power plant is to
Explain:- The function of the moderator in a nuclear power plant is to reduce the speed of neutrons.
250. When nuclear reactor is operating at constant power the multiplication factor is
Explain:- When nuclear reactor is operating at constant power the multiplication factor is equal to Unity.
251. In a nuclear reactor function of reflector is to
Explain:- In a nuclear reactor function of reflector is to reflect the escaping neutrons back into the core .
252. The function of control rods in nuclear plants is to
Explain:- The function of control rods in nuclear plants is to control absorption of neutron.
253. Which of the following are used as moderator and coolant in a gas cooled reactor respectively
Explain:- Graphite and CO2 are used as moderator and coolant in a gas cooled reactor respectively.
254. Which of the following are used as moderator and coolant in a pressurized water reactor respectively
Explain:- Light Water is used as both moderator and coolant in a pressurized water reactor respectively.
255. Fast breeder reactors are best suited for
Explain:- Fast breeder reactors are best suited for of large thorium deposits.
256. In a pressurized water reactor
Explain:- In a pressurized water reactor the coolant water is pressurized to prevent boiling of water in the core.
257. Boiling water reactor uses
Explain:- Boiling water reactor uses direct cycle of coolant system.
258. Fast breeder reactor uses
Explain:- Fast breeder reactor uses double circuit system of coolant cycle direct cycle of coolant system.
259. In fast breeder reactors
Explain:- In fast breeder reactor no moderator is used.
260. Boiling water reactor(BWR) uses the following as moderator, coolant and working fluid
Explain:- Boiling water reactor uses the ordinary fluid as moderator, coolant and working fluid.
261. Boiling water reactor(BWR) uses the following as moderator
Explain:- Boiling water reactor uses the mixture of water and steam as moderator.
262. In boiling water reactor, moderator is
Explain:- Boiling water reactor uses the mixture of water and steam as moderator and coolent.
263. Which of the following nuclear reactor does not need a heat exchanger for generation of steam ?
Explain:- Boiling water reactor does not need a heat exchanger for generation of steam.
264. A reactor capable of converting a ferrite material into fissile isotopes is called
Explain:- A reactor capable of converting a ferrite material into fissile isotopes is called Regenerative reactor.
265. The risk of radioactive hazard is greatest in the turbine with following reactor
Explain:- The risk of radioactive hazard is greatest in the turbine with Boiling water reactor (BWR).
266. Superheated steam is generated in following reactor
Explain:- Superheated steam is generated in the Gas cooled reactor.
267. The following present serious difficulty in designing reactor shield
Explain:- The presence of Fast neutrons and Gamma Rays make serious difficulty in designing reactor shield.
268. A fast breeder reactor uses following as fuel
Explain:- A fast breeder reactor uses U-238 as fuel.
269. A boiling water reactor uses following as fuel
Explain:- A boiling water reactor uses Enriched Uranium as fuel.
270. The presence of reflector in nuclear power plant results in
Explain:- The presence of reflector in nuclear power plant decreases leakage of neutrons.
271. When a reactor becomes critical, then the production of neutrons is
Explain:- When a reactor becomes critical, then the production of neutrons is exactly balanced by the loss of neutrons through leakage.
272. The size of the reactor is said to be critical when
Explain:- The size of the reactor is said to be critical when chain reaction can be initiated.
273. Breeder reactors employ liquid metal coolant because it
Explain:- Breeder reactors employ liquid metal coolant because it transfers heat from core at a fast rate.
274. For economical operation of a nuclear plant
Explain:- For economical operation of a nuclear plant used fuel should be reprocessed.
275. A pressurized water reactor employs pressurizer for the following application
Explain:- A pressurized water reactor employs pressurizer to maintain constant pressure in primary circuit under varying load.
276. A gas turbine works on which cycle
Explain:- A gas turbine works on Brayton cycle.
277. Which Compressor is used in gas turbines ?
Explain:- The Compressor used in gas turbines is multistage axial flow compressor.
278. Which auxiliary of gas turbine consumes most of the power ?
Explain:- Compressor of gas turbine consumes most of the power.
279. Overall efficiency of gas turbine is
Explain:- Overall efficiency of gas turbine is less than Diesel cycle efficiency.
280. The function of regenerator in a gas turbine is
Explain:- A regenerator in a gas turbine improves thermal efficiency.
281. Maximum efficiency of an open cycle gas turbine is nearly
Explain:- Maximum efficiency of an open cycle gas turbine is nearly 30%.
282. Gas turbine is widely used in
Explain:- Gas turbine is widely used in aircrafts.
283. In aircraft using gas turbine, the cycle used is
Explain:- In aircraft using gas turbine, the cycle used is simple.
284. Thermal efficiency of a gas turbine cycle improves as a result of all of the following except
Explain:- Thermal efficiency of a gas turbine cycle improves as a result of all of the following except heating of air before compression.
285. Even with best possible arrangements, the thermal efficiency of a gas turbine cycle is always below
Explain:- Even with best possible arrangements, the thermal efficiency of a gas turbine cycle is always below 40%.
286. Gas turbine plants are not used
Explain:- Gas turbine plants are not used as base load plants.
287. Combined cycle power plants are suitable for
Explain:- Combined cycle power plants are suitable for both base and peak loads.
288. Which among these is the main component of a gas turbine plant ?
Explain:- Compressor is the main component of a gas turbine plant.
289. The gas turbine power plant mainly uses which among the following fuels?
Explain:- The gas turbine power plant mainly uses natural gas and liquid petroleum fuel .
290. The compressor has to be started
Explain:- The compressor has to be started before starting the gas turbine.
291. What would be the temperature of the gas in the combustion chamber?
Explain:- The temperature of the gas in the combustion chamber would be 1600 degree.
292. Why is the efficiency of the open cycle gas plant is quite low ?
Explain:- Both A and B are correct option.
293. Which among these plants are most efficient?
Explain:- Combined cycle plants are most efficient.
294. What is inter cooling?
Explain:- Removal of heat from compressed air between stages of compression is known as inter cooling.
295. What is regeneration?
Explain:- Transfer of heat energy from exhaust gases to the compressed air flowing between compressor and the combustion chamber is known as Regeneration.
296. Which among these are used to improve the efficiency of gas turbines?
Explain:- All of the above methods are used to improve the efficiency of gas turbines.
297. Gas turbine power plant is..............efficient than steam turbine power plant
Explain:- Gas turbine power plant is more efficient than steam turbine plant.
298. In a gas turbine, high thermal efficiency is obtained in
Explain:- In a gas tirbine,high therml efficiency is obtained in Closed cycle.
299. Maximum temperature of a gas turbine plant is of the order of
Explain:- Maximum temperature of a gas turbine plant is of the order of 700 degree.
300. The blades of the gas turbine rotor are made of
Explain:- The blades of the gas turbine rotor are made up of high nickel alloy.
301. For a gas turbine the pressure ratio is in the range of
Explain:- For a gas turbine the pressure ratio is in the range of 3 to 5.
302. In a two stage gas turbine plant, reheating after first stage
Explain:- In a two stage gas turbine plant, reheating after first stage increases work ratio.
303. In a two stage gas turbine plant, reheating after first stage
Explain:- In a two stage gas turbine plant, reheating after first stage decrease the thermal efficiency.
304. In a two stage gas turbine plant,with intercooling and reheating
Explain:- In a two stage gas turbine plant,with intercooling and reheating work ratio improves but thermal efficiency decreases .
305. The thermal efficiency of a gas turbine with ideal regenerative heat exchanger is
Explain:- The thermal efficiency of a gas turbine with ideal regenerative heat exchanger is equal to work ratio.
306. Which of the following is not used in gas turbine power plant?
Explain:- Condenser is not used in gas turbine power plant.
307. The installation time for a gas turbine power plant is
Explain:- The installation time for a gas turbine power plant is comparatively less than thermal power plant.
308. Fuel other than natural gas i.e. solid and liquid fuels can be used in
Explain:- Fuel other than natural gas i.e. solid and liquid fuels can be used in closed cycle gas turbine power plant.
309. Which state in India among these doesn’t have a gas turbine plant?
Explain:- Tamil Nadu has a gas power plant.
310. What part or % of power developed is utilised for driving the compressor?
Explain:- 65% of power developed is utilised for driving the compressor.
311. Which power plant cannot have single units of 100 MW capacity ?
Explain:- Diesel power plant cannot have single units of 100 MW capacity.
312. Which of the following is not a part of diesel engine power plant?
Explain:- The diesel power plant essentially consists of the following components:- Engine 1. Air filter and supercharger 2. Exhaust system 3. Fuel system 4. Cooling system 5. Lubricating system 6. Starting system 7. Governing system 8. Engine
313. Supercharging of a diesel engine means
Explain:- Supercharging of a diesel engine means supplying pressurized air during suction.
314. Diesel engines for power plants are usually
Explain:- Diesel engines for power plants are usually Supercharged.
315. An air filter is used in
Explain:- An air filter is used in diesel engine power plants.
316. The speed of the diesel engine may vary from
Explain:- The speed of the diesel engine may vary from 1000 – 3000 rpm.
317. The diesel plants are mainly used
Explain:- The diesel plants are mainly used both peak and standby plants.
318. What is the range of capacity of the diesel power plant?
Explain:- The range of capacity of the diesel power plant 75 – 3750 kW.
319. Maximum temperature developed in a diesel engine is in the range of
Explain:- Maximum temperature developed in a diesel engine is in the range of 2000 – 2500 Degree Centigrade.
320. High output diesel engines are started by
Explain:- High output diesel engines are started by compressed air.
321. The temperature of the cooling water leaving the diesel engine should not exceed
Explain:- The temperature of the cooling water leaving the diesel engine should not exceed 40 Degree Centigrade.
322. The lubrication cost in a diesel power plant is
Explain:- The lubrication cost in a diesel power plant is High.
323. In which of the following power plant the availability of power is least reliable?
Explain:-In Wind Power Plant the availability of power is least reliable.
324. The total power of a wind stream is proportional to
Explain:- The total power of a wind stream is proportional to ( Velocity of stream )^3.
325. Local winds are caused by
Explain:- Local winds are caused by both differential heating of plains and mountains and differential heating of land and water.
326. The installed capacity of wind energy in India is about
Explain:- The installed capacity of wind energy in India is about 40000 MW.
327. Thorium Breeder Reactors are most suitable for India because
Explain:- Thorium Breeder Reactors are most suitable for India because abundance of thorium deposits are available in India.
328. Geothermal energy is
Explain:- All are correct options.
329. In hydrothermal source of geothermal energy
Explain:- In hydrothermal source of geothermal energy hot water or steam is available.
330. When geothermal energy is available in the form of saline water, power is developed using
Explain:- All are correct options.
331. In hydrothermal systems when steam, water and dissolved solids are available as source of energy, the entrained solids are removed by
Explain:- In hydrothermal systems when steam, water and dissolved solids are available as source of energy, the entrained solids are removed by Centrifugal separators.
332. In geothermal power plants waste water is
Explain:- In geothermal power plants waste water is discharged back to earth.
333. The principal type of failure in wind power generation is in
Explain:- The principal type of failure in wind power generation is in aerodynamic system.
334. The magnitude of power constant in wind mill depends on
Explain:- The magnitude of power constant in wind mill depends on Wind velocity.
335. Wind energy
Explain:- All are correct options .
336. The source of geoenergy is
Explain:- The source of geoenergy is Radioactivity within crystal rocks.
337. Steam produced by geothermal field is
Explain:- Steam produced by geothermal field may be Wet or Dry.
338. Water steam mixture in geothermal field is separated by the use of
Explain:- Water steam mixture in geothermal field is separated by the use of Centrifugal action.
339. The cross-sectional area of the penstock will be smaller if the velocity of water is to be
Explain:- The cross-sectional area of the penstock will be smaller if the velocity of water is to be High.
340. Thermal gradient in a geo thermal plant is given by
Explain:- Thermal gradient in a geo thermal plant is given by Thermal conductivity / heat flux.
341. Pugga valley in Ladakh is suitable for which among the following power generation?
Explain:- Pugga valley in Ladakh is suitable for Geothermal power generation.
342. Following power plant has instant starting
Explain:- Both Hydro and Nuclear power plant have instant starting.
343. …………… can generate power at unpredictable or uncontrolled times
Explain:- All are correct options.
344. For the same heat input and the same maximum pressure, the most efficient cycle is
Explain:- For the same heat input and the same maximum pressure, the most efficient cycle is Brayton cycle.
345. Which of the following area is preferred for solar thermal electric plants?
Explain:- Hot arid zone is preferred for solar thermal electric plants.
346. Reflecting mirrors used for exploiting solar energy are called
Explain:- Reflecting mirrors used for exploiting solar energy are called heliostats.
347. In solar thermal conversion systems the solar heat is transferred to
Explain:- In solar thermal conversion systems the solar heat is transferred to by any of the above.
348. Solar cells are made up of
Explain:- Solar cells are made up of Silicon.
349. The voltage of a single solar cell is
Explain:- The voltage of a single solar cell is 0.5 V.
350. The output of a solar cell is of the order of
Explain:- The voltage of a single solar cell is 1 W.
351. A module is a
Explain:- A module is a series parallel arrangement of solar cells.
352. Photovoltaic solar energy conversion system makes use of
Explain:- Photovoltaic solar energy conversion system makes use of Solar cell.
353. The major disadvantage, with solar cells for power generation is
Explain:- The major disadvantage, with solar cells for power generation is high cost of solar plates.
354. The maximum theoretical efficiencies of solar cells could be around
Explain:- The maximum theoretical efficiencies of solar cells could be around 48%.
355. The source of energy for satellite is
Explain:- The source of energy for satellite is Solar Cell.
356. A photovoltaic cell converts
Explain:- A photovoltaic cell converts solar energy into electrical energy.
357. Constructional material used in geothermal plant is
Explain:- Constructional material used in geothermal plant is Stainless steel.
358. Collectros used for collecting solar energy are
Explain:- Collectros used for collecting solar energy are Flat plate and focusing solar collectors.
359. Solar thermal power generation can be achieved by
Explain:- All are correct options.
360. The efficiency of the solar cell is about
Explain:- The efficiency of the solar cell is about 15%.
361. What is the maximum possible output of a solar array?
Explain:- 250 W/m^2 is the maximum possible output of a solar array.
362. The current density of a photo voltaic cell ranges from
Explain:- The current density of a photo voltaic cell ranges from 40 – 50 mA/cm^2.
363. The function of a solar collector is of converting solar energy into
Explain:- The function of a solar collector is of converting solar energy into Thermal Energy.
364. Flat plate collector absorbs
Explain:- Flat plate collector absorbs both direct and diffuse.
365. Photovoltaic cell or solar cell converts
Explain:- Photovoltaic cell or solar cell converts electromagnetic radiation directly into electricity.
366. Air will not be the working substance in which of the following?
Explain:- Air will not be the working substance in closed cycle gas turbine.
367. Direct conversion of heat into electrical energy is possible through
Explain:- Direct conversion of heat into electrical energy is possible through MHD generators.
368. Submarines for under water movement, are powered by which of the following?
Explain:- Submarines for under water movement, are powered by Batteries.
369. Direct conversion of heat into electric power is possible through
Explain:- Direct conversion of heat into electric power is possible through Thermionic converter.
370. Ships are generally powered by
Explain:- Ships are generally powered by diesel engines.
371. The essential parts of MHD generator are
Explain:- All of these are the essential parts of MHD generator.
372. The rating of MHD generator per unit volume is proportional to
Explain:- All of these.
373. The conduction used in MHD generator is
Explain:- The conduction used in MHD generator is Gas.
374. The current developed in MHD generator is
Explain:- The current developed in MHD generator is DC.
375. The principal of MHD power generation is based on
Explain:- The principal of MHD power generation is based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
376. In fuel cell, the ______ energy is converted into electrical energy
Explain:- In fuel cell, the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
377. In a fuel cell, cathode is of
Explain:- In a fuel cell, cathode is of Hydrogen.
378. In a fuel cell, Anode is of
Explain:- In a fuel cell, Anoode is of Air.
379. Coal is processed and burnt in the combustor of a hybrid MHD at a high temperature and pressure with the preheated air to form which among the following element?
Explain:- Coal is processed and burnt in the combustor of a hybrid MHD at a high temperature and pressure with the preheated air to form Plasma.
380. Which of the following liquid metal is not used as a magneto hydrodynamic generation (MHD) working fluid?
Explain:- Sodium metal is not used as a magneto hydrodynamic generation (MHD) working fluid.
381. What is the working fluid in closed cycle MHD system?
Explain:- Helium and argon are the working fluid in closed cycle MHD system.
382. In a fuel cell, electrical energy is produced by
Explain:- In a fuel cell, electrical energy is produced by reaction of hydrogen with oxygen.
383. Bulb turbines are........turbines
Explain:- Bulb turbines are low head turbines.
384. The potential of developing tidal power in India is in
Explain:- The potential of developing tidal power in India is in Kutch.
385. In a MHD generator the conductor is made of
Explain:- In a MHD generator the conductor is made of liquid metal or gas.
386. Tidal energy development needs
Explain:- Tidal energy development needs huge capacity and long construction time .
387. What is the advantage of sectionalizing of power plant?
Explain:- Sectionalizing means installing more number of small units rather than installing a big unit. Doing so enables us to maintain continuity of supply from rest of the units, when one or two units of plant fails. This makes the plant more reliable.
388. What is the effect of increasing steam pressure on efficiency of steam power plant?
Explain:- The thermal efficiency of steam power plant depends upon the steam pressure. The efficiency increases with increasing steam pressure nonlinearly up to a level. After that level increase in efficiency becomes very low with respect to increasing pressure.
389. What is the effect of increasing steam temperature of thermal power plant on its thermal efficiency?
Explain:- Thermal efficiency of steam power plant increases with increase in steam temperature linearly. Increas in temperature of steam also causes its effect on cost. So temperature of steam is increased only upto a level at which it is economical.
390. For increasing the thermal efficiency of thermal power plant pressure in condenser should be
Explain:- The thermal efficiency can be effectively increased by decreasing the pressure in the condenser. Pressure in condenser is kept very low usually 0.04 kg/cm^2.
391. Supercritical pressure boilers can produce steam at the rate of
Explain:- Modern supercritical pressure boiler with pressures as high as 350 atm temperature 600°C and capacity 1,000,000 kg/hour are available now days. Fire tube boiler can produce steam at the rate of 15,000 kg/hr. Water tube boiler can produce 340,000 kg of steam per hour.
392. Which of the following statement about economiser of steam power plant is wrong?
Explain:- Economiser is used to rise the temperature of feed water. Air preheater is used to raise the temperature of intake air. Flue gases after heating boiler water Still possesses sufficient heat energy which if not used will waste. Economiser and air preheater uses that heat energy to work and hence increase the thermal efficiency of power plant about 15%.
393. Which of the following are the most widely used condensers in modern thermal power plants?
Explain:- Surface condensers are the most widely used condensers in modern thermal power plants.
394. Which of the following is a part of air and fuel gas circuit?
Explain:- In air and fuel gas circuit air is drawn from the atmosphere by a forced draught fan or induced draught fan through the air preheater. In air preheater that air is heated by the heat of flue gases passing to the chimney and then admitted to the furnaces. Cooling tower and Condenser are parts of Cooling water circuit and Economiser is part of Feed water and steam circuit.
395. Which of the following is not a type of steam turbine?
Explain :- Pelton wheel turbine is a water turbine. Impulse and reaction turbines are the steam turbines characterized by the action of steam on moving blades. Axial and radial flow turbine and steam turbines are characterized by type of flow of steam over blades.
395. Which statement about impulse turbine is true?
Explain :- In an impulse turbine the steam expands completely in the stationary nozzles. No pressure drop occurs over the moving Blade Runner. During expansion steam attains a high velocity and impinges against the blades fixed on the rotor Periphery resulting in the impulsive force on the moving blades which sets the rotor rotating.
396. Which statement about reaction turbine is false?
Explain :- The expansion of steam in reaction turbine totally occurs when it flows over the turbine blades. The expansion of steam as it flows over the blades is adiabatic any friction losses between the steam and the blades are converted into heat which in turn will reheat the steam.
397. Reaction turbines are characterized by
Explain :- In reaction turbine steam does not expand in nozzle but expands as flows over the rotor blades. Reaction turbines are characterized by relatively low RPM. As steam expands over the turbine blades, causes the reaction force over the turbine which rotates the turbine.
398. In condensing turbine what is the back pressure of the turbine?
Explain :- According to the back pressure steam turbines are classified into condensing and non condensing turbines. Where there is no use of exhaust steam, turbine is built as a pure condensing type turbine. In condensing turbine steam is reduced in pressure down to a vacuum pressure which is in accordance with the cooling water temperature.
399. The turbine in which steam enters the blade tip nearest the axis of the wheel and flows towards the circumference is called
Explain :- According to type of flow of steam the steam turbines used are of two types namely axial flow turbine and radial flow turbine. In axial flow turbine steam flows over the blades in a direction parallel to the axis of wheel. In radial flow turbine steam enters from blade tip near the axis of wheel and flows towards the circumference.
400. Which turbines are employed for driving alternator at synchronous speed?
Explain :- Central turbines are for driving the alternator at synchronous speed. In Reheating turbine steam is returned back to the boiler after partial expansion for superheating and then allowed to expand to back pressure. In extraction turbines steam leaves the turbine casing before the exhaust, for feed water heating.
401. Which of the following is correct arrangement of different types of coals according to their increasing carbon content?
Explain :- Coal is the most commonly used fuel in thermal power plant. Coal contain moisture, carbon, hydrogen, sulphur, Nitrogen, Oxygen and ash. Coals are classified according to their calorific value and carbon content.
402. Which of the following is most suitable fuel for thermal power plant?
Explain :- Peat and lignite coals have low calorific value and high ash content. Anthracite coals are found in small quantities and are therefore costlier for power generation. Bituminous coals have enough calorific value, low moisture and ash content so most suitable for power generation.
403. The selection of coal for power plant does not depends on
Explain :- The selection of coal for power plant depends on the number of factors such as calorific value, weather ability, sulphur content, ash content, particle size, grindability index, and caking characteristics. Nitrogen content is not needed for the selection of coal for power plants.
404. Which do you mean by pulverization?
Explain :- Pulverization is crushing of coal into fine particles. This exposes large surface area to the action of oxygen and consequently helps the combustion. Solids fuels can be used in a powderd and burn like oil and gas.
405. What is the amount of air required to burn the pulverized coal?
Explain :- The surface area of pulverized coal is increased in almost the ratio of 400:1, therefore high rates of combustion are possible. Moreover a smaller quantity of air is required than when the fuel is burnt in lumped form.
406. Feed water for boiler of thermal power plant is obtained from
Explain :- The steam coming out of turbines is condensed and the condenset is fed back to the boiler. Some of water losses due to the blow-down, leakage etc.. and to make up these losses additional water called “makeup water” is taken from natural sources after treatment. This makeup water is obtained from natural sources like river and lake and about 1 – 4% of total feed water.
407. Mechanical method of water treatment is done to
Explain :- Mechanical method of water treatment involvs sedimentation and filtration. During sedimentation water kept at standstill or flow with a very low velocity which causes the solid matter to settle down and finally removed. During filtration the dirty water is allowed to flow downword through the beds of filtering materials to remove suspended matters.
408. Thermal treatment methods used to remove impurities like
Explain :- Thermal treatment method involves distillation and derative heating of feed water. During distillation water is evaporated then condensed and collected. During derating heating water is broken up into fine droplets and heated to produced vapour within the deaerator. During these process carbon dioxide and other days of devices separated from feet water.
409. Chemical method of treatment is used for treatment of
Explain :- Chemical treatment involvs line treatment, soda treatment, lime and soda treatment. Zeolite treatment and demineralisation. Iime treatment is done for treatment of carbonate hardness, carbon dioxide in water. soda treatment is done for treatment of water containing non carbonate hardness and line soda treatment is used when both carbonate and none carbonate hardness for feed water.
410. Scale formation in boiler tube causes
Explain :- Dissolved gases include oxygen and carbon dioxide which may lead to scale formation corrosion, carry over and imbrittlement in boiler and other apprature. Scale formation reduces the heat transmission through the heating surface.
411. The best capable alternative source which can meet the future energy demand is
Explain :- Demand of electrical energy is increasing at fast rate owing to booming increase in the population and industrial growth. The reserves of fossil fuel i.e., coal, oil and gas are fast depleting. There are many alternative sources of energy but they are not enough to supply such huge demand, only nuclear power plants are capable of doing that.
412. How much coal is required to generate energy equivalent to the energy
Explain :- One of the main attention for nuclear fuel is the huge amount of energy that can be released from a small quantity of active nuclear fuel. The energy obtainable by completely using 1 kg of Uranium would give energy equivalent 3000 tons of high grade coal i.e. Uranium has three millions times the energy of coal.
413. Nuclear fuel in reactor lasts for
Explain :- Very small amount of nuclear fuel can produce very high amount of energy. Nuclear fuel may remain in a reactor for more than 5 years.
414. What is the overall efficiency of nuclear power plant?
Explain :- The overall efficiency of a nuclear power plant is around 30 to 40%. Efficiency is higher at high road factors. Therefore, a nuclear power plant is always operated as a base load plant.
415. The land area required for installation of nuclear power plant is
Explain :- Nuclear power plants need less area as compared to any other plant of same generation capacity. A 2000MW nuclear power plant needs about 80 acres whereas the coal fired steam power plant of same generation capacity needs 250 acres of land.
416. With respect to the load centre which location is suitable for establishment of nuclear power plant?
Explain :- These plants can be located near the load centre because of the negligible cost of transportation of fuel. But there should be a reasonable distance between the nuclear power plant and the nearest populated areas from point of view of safety against danger of radioactivity. It is highly undesirable to choose a site adjacent to chemical industries oil refineries PWD works hospitals and schools.
417. The critical mass for U-235 fission reaction is about
Explain :- For a chain reaction to occur the sample of the fissionable material should be large enough to capture the neutron internally. The minimum mass of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction is called the Critical Mass”. The critical mass varies for each reaction, for U-235 fission reaction it is about 10 Kg.
418. In which part of nuclear power plant steam is produced?
Explain :- There is no boiler in nuclear power plant. The heat energy released in the reactor during nuclear fission is utilised to heat the coolant. This coolant is circulated through the heat exchanger to produce steam.
419. Which of the following part of nuclear reactor is used to control the rate of reaction?
Explain :- Neutrons rejected during the fission process at a very high velocity of about 1.5 × 107 m/s. For more effective use in nuclear reactor it is desirable to slow down the fast neutrons to speed corresponding to the speed of molecules of gas at normal temperature and pressure. This is accomplished with the help of moderator.
420. Which of the following part of nuclear reactor is used to control the rate of reaction?
Explain :- In a reactor the chain reaction is to be maintained at steady value during the operation of reactor. Also the reactor must be able to shutdown automatically under emergency conditions. All these requires control rods for control of reactor so as to prevent the melting of fuel rods, disintegration of coolant and destruction of reactor as the amount of energy released is enormous.
421. Which of the following is the most essential requirement of control rod material?
Explain :- The function of control rod is to control the rate of nuclear reaction by absorption extra release neutrons. Chain reaction is controlled either by removing or inserting neutron absorbing materials. The materials used for control rods must have very high absorption capacity for entrance.
422. Which of the following can be used as both as coolant and moderator ?
Explain :- A good coolant should not absorb neutrons, should be non-oxidizing, non-toxic, non corrosive, should have high chemical and radiation stability and good heat transfer ability. Ordinary water is used as both as coolant and moderator in boiling water reactor and pressurized water is used as both as coolant and moderator in pressurized water reactor.
423. The main body of reactor is called
Explain :- The reactor core, reflector and thermal shielding are all enclosed in the main body of reactor and is called reactor vessel or tank. It is strong walled container and provides the entrance and exit for the coolant. It also provides the passage for flow of coolant through and around the reactor core.
424. Demand factor is defined as
Explain :- Demand factor = Maximum demand/Connected load
425. Load factor is defined as
Explain :- Load factor = Average load/Maximum load
426. Diversity factor is defined as
Explain :- Diversity factor = Sum of consumer’s maximum demands/ Maximum load on the station
427. What is the plant capacity factor?
Explain :- Plant capacity factor the ratio of actual energy produced to the maximum possible energy
428. Capacity factor is defined as
Explain :- Capacity factor = Average load/Rated plant capacity
429. Utilization factor is defined as
Explain :- Utilization factor = Maximum load/Rated plant capacity
430. What is the value of demand factor?
Explain :- The value of demand factor is always less than unity.
431. What is connected load?
Explain :- Connected load installed electrical load in the premises of the consumer.
432. What is Reserve Capacity?
Explain :- Reserve capacity = Plant capacity – Max demand .
433. In a power plant if the maximum demand on the plant is equal to the plant capacity, then
Explain :- In a power plant if the maximum demand on the plant is equal to the plant capacity, then Plant reserve capacity will be zero.
434. Approximate estimation of power demand can be made by
Explain :- Approximate estimation of power demand can be made by all of the above methods.
435. For high value of diversity factor, a power station of given installed capacity will be in a position to supply
Explain :- For high value of diversity factor, a power station of given installed capacity will be in a position to supply more number of consumers.
436. Diversity factor has direct effect on the
Explain :- Diversity factor has direct effect on the fixed cost of unit generated.
437. Maximum demand on a power plant is
Explain :- Maximum demand on a power plant is the greatest of all "short time interval averaged" demand during a period.
438. Load factor of a power station is generally
Explain :- Load factor of a power station is generally less than unity.
439. ________ is invariably used for peak load.
Explain :- Pumped storage Hydro power plant is invariably used for peak load.
440. High load factor indicates
Explain :- High load factor indicates total plant capacity is utilized for most of the time.
441. A low utilization factor for a plant indicates that
Explain :- A low utilization factor for a plant indicates that plant is used for stand by purpose only.
442. The knowledge of diversity factor helps in determining
Explain :- The knowledge of diversity factor helps in determining Plant capacity.
443. The load factor of domestic load is usually
Explain :- The load factor of domestic load is usually 10 to 15 %.
444. Peak load plants supply power at
Explain :- Peak load plants supply power at low capital cost and high running cost.
445. Base load plants supply power at
Explain :- Base load plants supply power at high capital cost and low running cost.
446. Connected load is sum of
Explain :- Connected load is sum of continuous rating of load-consuming apparatus connected.
447. Fluctuations of speed in the diesel plant can be smoothened by flywheel with
Explain :- Fluctuations of speed in the diesel plant can be smoothened by flywheel with high moment of inertia.
448. Which of the following is the essential requirement of peak load plant?
Explain :- The essential requirement of peak load plant is that it should be capable of starting quickly.
449. Most efficient plants are normally used as
Explain :- Most efficient plants are normally used as base load plants.
450. Generators for peak load plants are usually designed for maximum efficiency at
Explain :- Generators for peak load plants are usually designed for maximum efficiency at 50 to 75 percent of full load.
451. The load factor plays a key role in determining which among the following?
Explain :- The load factor plays a key role in determining overall cost per unit generated.
452. Capacity factor will be very low when the power plant is
Explain :- Capacity factor will be very low when the power plant is operated in emergency only.
453. In a power station, the cost of generation of power reduces most effectively when
Explain :- In a power station, the cost of generation of power reduces most effectively when both diversity factor and load factor increases.
454. A large diversity factor of the load in a power system
Explain :- A large diversity factor of the load in a power system reduces the installation cost.
455. What is the result of the product of diversity factor and maximum demand?
Explain :- Diversity factor = Sum of consumers maximum demand/Maximum demand of the system.
456. What are the essential requirements for power plants to be operated as peak load plants?
Explain :- All of these are the essential requirements for power plants to be operated as peak load plants.
457. Maximum demand on the power system is
Explain :- Maximum demand on the power system is greatest average load in a specified time.
458. The power system experiences peak demand from
Explain :- The power system experiences peak demand from 6 P.M. to 10 P.M .
459. Which of the following represents the annual average load?
Explain :- The average load on the power station is average of load occurring at the various events. It can also be stated as energy deliver in a given period divided by the number of hours in that period.
460. In practice what is the value of diversity factor?
Explain :- Maximum demand of different consumers never occurs at a time, due to this the total maximum demand of the load is always less than sum of individual maximum demands. And hence, demand factor e.i. the ratio of sum of individual maximum demand to the maximum demand of total load is always greater than unity.
461. Coincidence factor is reciprocal of
Explain :- Coincidence factor is the ratio of total maximum demand to the sum of individual maximum demands which is the reciprocal of diversity factors.
462. What is demand factor of commercial consumers?
Explain :- Demand factor is the ratio of maximum demand to connected load. As we know maximum demand cannot be greater than connected load so demand factor is always less than one. Commercial consumer generally used as most of disconnected loads so their demand factor is high.
463. Which of the following has highest diversity factor?
Explain :- Diversity fector of all of the options rangers from 1.5 to 2. The diversity factor of domestic lightning upto 1 kW ranges from 3 to 5.
464. When the load factor of a power station increases, the units (kWh) generated
Explain :- When the load factor of a power station increases, the units (kWh) generated are increased.
465. The power demand can be estimated approximately by
Explain :- The power demand can be estimated approximately by Statistical method.
466. Generators for the base load plants are usually designed for maximum efficiency around
Explain :- Generators for the base load plants are usually designed for maximum efficiency around full load.
467. Which plant can never have 100 percent load factor?
Explain :- Peak load plant can never have 100 percent load factor.
468. The efficiency of a plant is of least concern when it is selected as
Explain :- The efficiency of a plant is of least concern when it is selected as either Casual run plant or Peak load plant.
469. Operating plant factor is
Explain :- Operating plant factor is average load on the machine.
470. Coincidence factor is always obtained an increase of the
Explain :- Coincidence factor is always obtained an increase of the Diversity factor .
471. What is a load curve?
Explain :- Load curve is a plot of load versus time.
472. What does the area under the load curve represents?
Explain :- The area under the load curve represents the energy consumed.
473. What does the highest point on the daily load curve represents?
Explain :- The highest point on the daily load curve represents maximum demand.
474. Load curve of a generation is always
Explain :- Load curve of a generation is always Combination of positive, Negative and Zero slope.
475. If the daily load curve is divided by 24, what does this curve represents?
Explain :- If the daily load curve is divided by 24, what does this curve represents average load for the day.
476. What does a mass curve represent?
Explain :- A mass curve represents the total energy consumed by the load upto a particular time in a day.
477. The mass curve is plotted from which of the following curve?
Explain :- The mass curve is plotted from the load duration curve.
478. What does a load duration curve represents?
Explain :- A load duration curve represents the number of hours for which a particular lasts during the day.
479. What is the shape of the load duration curve?
Explain :- The shape of the load duration curve is rectangular shape.
480. Maximum and Minimum loads on the load duration curve is represented on which respective side
Explain :- Maximum and Minimum loads on the load duration curve is represented on Left and Right side respectively.
481. What does the chronological load curve indicates?
Explain :- The chronological load curve indicates variation of demand from instant to instant during 24 hours.
482. Load curve helps in deciding
Explain :- Load curve helps in deciding all of these functions.
483. A load curve indicates
Explain :- A load curve indicates average kWh energy consumption during the period.
484. Size and cost of installation depends upon
Explain :- The greatest of all “short time interval averaged” during a given period, on the power system is called the maximum demand. Maximum demand represents the maximum amount of load that is active, out of total connected load. So the size and rating of power plant depends on Maximum demand.
485. In an interconnected system, the diversity factor of the whole system
Explain :- In an interconnected system, the diversity factor of the whole system increases.
486. What are fixed charges?
Explain :- Fixed charges are cost of investment irrespective of energy generated.
487. Which components are included in the annual operating cost?
Explain :- Fuel, maintenance cost and labour components are included in the annual operating cost.
488. What does the annual fixed cost include?
Explain :- Interest, taxes, insurance and depreciation components are included in the annual fixed cost.
489. The capital cost of a power plant depends on
Explain :- The capital cost of a power plant depends on both total number of units and total installed capacity.
490. What is meant by semi fixed charges?
Explain :- It is the cost which depends upon the maximum demand but it is independent of units generated.
491. Which among the following power plants have the least operating cost?
Explain :- Hydro power plants have the least operating cost.
492. What is the modern trend in electric power generation?
Explain :- The modern trend in electric power generation is to have large size thermal plants located near coal fields.
493. For a nuclear plant, what is its useful life?
Explain :- For a nuclear plant the useful life is 30 years.
494. For a diesel generating station the useful life is expected to be around
Explain :- For a diesel generating station the useful life is expected to be around 15 to 20 years.
495. The expected useful life of a hydroelectric power station is around
Explain :- The expected useful life of a hydroelectric power station is around 100 years.
496. The expected useful life of a thermal power station is around
Explain :- The expected useful life of a thermal power station is around 40 to 50 years.
497. Fixed charge is dependent on what factor?
Explain :- Fixed charge is dependent on maximum demand.
498. A variable charge is based on what?
Explain :- A variable charge is based on energy consumption.
499. Which of the following, in a thermal power plant, is not a fixed cost?
Explain :- Fuel cost in a thermal power plant, is not a fixed cost.
500. In power plants insurance cover is provided for which of the following?
Explain :- In power plants insurance cover is provided for all of the above mention.
501. For a power plant which of the following constitutes running cost?
Explain :- For a power plant all of the above mention constitutes running cost.
502. Annual operating expenditure of a power plant consists of
Explain :- Annual operating expenditure of a power plant consists of all of the above mention.
503. An alternator coupled to a ________ runs at slow speed, as compared to as compared to others.
Explain :- An alternator coupled to a Diesel engine runs at slow speed, as compared to as compared to others.
504. Which of the following has highest capital cost?
Explain :- Nuclear power plant has the highest capital cost.
505. Diversity factor reduces
Explain :- Diversity factor reduces all of the above mention.
506. A company can raise funds through
Explain :- A company can raise funds through any of the above mention.
507. Which of the following are not repayable after a stipulated period ?
Explain :- Shares are not repayable after a stipulated period.
508. Which of the following is not an operating cost ?
Explain :- Salaries of high officials is not an operating cost.
509. Which of the following power plants need the least period for installation?
Explain :- Diesel power plants need the least period for installation.
510. Cost of nuclear fuel in nuclear power plant economics is considered as
Explain :- Cost of nuclear fuel in nuclear power plant economics is considered as capital cost.Nuclear fuel in a nuclear reactor may remain for more than 5 years. So the cost of fuel injected initially is taken as capital cost and may be a few crore rupees.
511. In economics of nuclear power plant taxes and insurance charges are taken as
Explain :- In economics of nuclear power plant taxes and insurance charges are taken as fixed cost. The life of reactor plant may be taken as between 15 to 20 years. For the other parts of the plant equipment the life may be taken as 30 years. The fixed cost would be interest, depreciation, taxes and insurance charges.
512. Which of the following are not taken as operation and maintenance cost in economics of nuclear power plant?
Explain :- Taxes and insurance are taken as fixed costs. Salaries and wages of operation and maintenance staff, cost of waste disposal and cost of processing materials are the operation and maintenance cost.
513. Which of the following costs come under semi fixed cost?
Explain :- The semi fixed cost is due to annual interest, the capital cost of generating plant transmission and distribution network building and other civil works, all types of taxes and insurance charges and salaries of Management and clerical staff. Salaries of higher officer is a fixed cost and salaries of operation and maintenance staff is running or operating cost.
514. Which of the following is not a method for estimating depreciation charges?
Explain :- Halsey's 50-50 formula is not a method for estimating depreciation charges.
515. Annual depreciation cost is calculated by
Explain:- Annual depreciation cost is calculated by both Straight line method and Sinking fund method.
516. Annual depreciation as per straight line method, is calculated by
Explain:- Annual depreciation as per straight line method, is calculated by the capital cost minus the salvage value, is divided by the number of years of life.
517. Annual installment towards depreciation reduces as rate of interest increases with
Explain:- Annual installment towards depreciation reduces as rate of interest increases with Sinking fund depreciation.
518. Annual depreciation of the plant it proportional to the earning capacity of the plant vide
Explain:- Annual depreciation of the plant it proportional to the earning capacity of the plant vide reducing balances depreciation method.
519. Salvage value of the plant is always
Explain:- Salvage value of the plant may be Positive, Negative and Zero.
520. In straight line method of depreciation, the money deposited carries
Explain:- In straight line method of depreciation, the money deposited carries no interest.
521. In diminishing value method of depreciation
Explain:- In diminishing value method of depreciation all of these are correct.
522. Depreciation rate is less in the case of
Explain:- Depreciation rate is less in the case of Hydro-electric power plant.
523. In reducing balance method of depreciation, the calculation of depreciation in any year is a fixed proportion of the cost at the
Explain:- In reducing balance method of depreciation, the calculation of depreciation in any year is a fixed proportion of the cost at the beginning of that particular year.
524. In sinking fund method of depreciation
Explain:- In sinking fund method of depreciation all of these are correct.
525. The book value of plant is
Explain:- The book value of plant is the Difference of Cost of plant and Accrued depreciation.
526. In straight-line method of depreciation, the money to be reserved for depreciation is
Explain:- In straight-line method of depreciation, the money to be reserved for depreciation is inversely proportional to time.
527. Depreciation charges are high in case of
Explain:- Depreciation charges are high in case of thermal power plant.
528. The annual depreciation reserve depends on
Explain:- The annual depreciation reserve depends on all of the above mention.
529. The depreciation of equipment is
Explain:- The depreciation of equipment is less in early years.
530. The annual depriciation of a hydro power plant is about
Explain:- The annual depriciation of a hydro power plant is about 0.5% to 1.5%.
531. In a steam power station, electric power is generated at what power?
Explain:- In a steam power station, electric power is generated at 11 kV.
532. What happens in a load shedding?
Explain:- In load shedding some loads are switched off.
533. Why is load shedding done?
Explain:- Load shedding done for reducing peak demand on the system.
534. When the demand of consumers is not met by a power plant, it will resort to which of the following?
Explain:- When the demand of consumers is not met by a power plant, it will resort to Load shedding.
535. In an interconnected system, the diversity factor of the whole system
Explain:- In an interconnected system, the diversity factor of the whole system increases.
536. The increased load during summer months is due to
Explain:- The increased load during summer months is due to increased use of fans and air conditioners.
537. Domestic consumers are charged on
Explain:- Domestic consumers are charged on block rate tariff.
538. Which tariff is used by the small commercial consumers?
Explain:- Block rate tariff is used by the small commercial consumers.
539. Block rate tariff, where energy charge decreases with the increase in energy consumption
Explain:- Block rate tariff, where energy charge decreases with the increase in energy consumption encourages the consumers for more consumption.
540. Two part tariff is charged on what basis?
Explain:- Two part tariff is charged on both units consumed and maximum demand basis.
541. What is the main disadvantage of two part tariff?
Explain:- The main disadvantage of two part tariff is that he has to pay fixed charges.
542. Which among the following are included in the three part tariff? i. Fixed charges ii. Running charges iii. Semi fixed charges
Explain:- Option (A) is correct.
543. Which tariff is most ideal tariff for the consumer?
Explain:- Three part tariff is most ideal tariff for the consumer.
544. What is the difference between two part tariff and maximum demand tariff?
Explain:- The difference between two part tariff and maximum demand tariff is that a separate maximum demand meter is used in maximum demand tariff.
545. Maximum demand tariff is applied for which kind of consumers?
Explain:- Maximum demand tariff is applied for Big consumers.
546. Maximum demand tariff is applied for which kind of consumers?
Explain:- Maximum demand tariff is not applicable to domestic consumers because of low maximum demand.
547. Why is a big consumer charged at a lower rate than the small consumer?
Explain:- A big consumer is charged at a lower rate than the small consumer because it improves the load factor.
548. What is the power factor tariff?
Explain:- In power factor tariff only power factor is used.
549. Which tariff is also known as the average power factor tariff?
Explain:- Sliding scale tariff is also known as the average power factor tariff.
550. Flat rate tariff is charged on what basis?
Explain:- Flat rate tariff is charged on units consumed.
551. A consumer has to pay lesser fixed charges in
Explain:- A consumer has to pay lesser fixed charges in maximum demand tariff.
552. In two part tariff, variation in load factor will affect
Explain:- In two part tariff, variation in load factor will affect operating or running charges.
553. Tariff is best defined as
Explain:- Tariff is best defined as the rate at which electricity is supplied to the consumer.
554. Which of the following is an objective of tariff
Explain:- All of these are the objective of tariff.
555. Which of following is correct statement about Simple tariff
Explain:- Option B is correct.
556. The tariff in which power factor is taken as reference
Explain:- All of these options are correct.
557. Disadvantage of flat rate tariff is that it is difficult to
Explain:- All of these options are correct.
558. In KWH and KVARh tariff, the KVARh rate is
Explain:- In KWH and KVARh tariff, the KVARh rate is lower than KWH rate.
559. Factors involved in fixing tariffs are
Explain:- All of these are correct.
560. The main objective of tariff is to distribute equitably the cost of
Explain:- The main objective of tariff is to distribute equitably the cost of supplying energy among the various classification of users.
561. All types of tariffs must recover the cost of
Explain:- All of these are correct.
562. In flat rate tariffs, rate is fixed by taking into account their
Explain:- In flat rate tariffs, rate is fixed by taking into account their both load factor and diversity factor.
563. In the two-part tariff, running charges increases as
Explain:- In the two-part tariff, running charges increases as average energy consumed increases.
564. In Hopkinson demand rate or two part-tariff the demand rate or fixed charges are
Explain:- In Hopkinson demand rate or two part-tariff the demand rate or fixed charges are dependent upon the maximum demand of the consumer.
565. What is the tariff in case of power system?
Explain:- Tariff means the schedule of rates are charges tariff. In case of electric supply means the schedule of rates framed for supply of electrical energy to different classes of consumer.
566. An electricity supplier is charging for the electricity as per the total load connected, fixed number of hours. This type of tariff will be a
Explain:- When the use of Electricity was mainly restricted to very few applications such as for lamps it is ee and the number of hours of use of lamp were fixed they were charged on the basis of total load connected in Kilowatt and the fixed number of hours of use district is known as flat demand tariff.
567. Which statement about simple tariff is true?
Explain:- In simple tariff cost of energy is charged on the basis of unit consumed cost per KWh is given by summing annual fixed cost and annual operating cost and dividing it by total number of units applied to the consumer per annum.
568. Interconnected systems have the advantage of
Explain:- All of these are correct.
569. Which of the following is not necessarily an advantage of interconnecting various power stations?
Explain:- Economy in operation of plants is not necessarily an advantage of interconnecting various power stations.
570. In interconnection if hydro and thermal plant, hydro-generation is increased by
Explain:- In interconnection if hydro and thermal plant, hydro-generation is increased by increasing load on the plant.
571. In interconnected systems, each system
Explain:- In interconnected systems, each system can provide its own reserve capacity.
572. By interconnection of stations, the cost is
Explain:- By interconnection of stations, the cost is reduced.
573. For maximum power transfer to take place between two interconnected stations, angle between voltage of the two should be
Explain:- For maximum power transfer to take place between two interconnected stations, angle between voltage of the two should be 90 degree.
574. For stable operation interconnected stations, the element used is
Explain:- For stable operation interconnected stations, the element used is reactor.
575. What is maximum value of power factor?
Explain:- The maximum value of power factor is unity.
576. Active power and apparent power are respectively represented by
Explain:- Active power and apparent power are respectively represented by kW and kVA.
577. For a consumer what is the most economical power factor?
Explain:- For a consumer 0.85 – 0.95 lagging is the most economical power factor.
578. Power factor can be improved by connecting which among these?
Explain:- Option D is correct.
579. What is the advantage of the static capacitors?
Explain:- All of these are the advantages of the static capacitors.
580. What is/are the consequence/s of low power factor?
Explain:- Option C is correct.
581. A consumer having lower power factor contributes towards which factor?
Explain:- A consumer having lower power factor contributes towards Fixed Charges.
582. Which among the following happens in a low power factor?
Explain:- All of these happens in low power factor. Option D is correct.
583. Lower power factor is usually not due to
Explain:- Lower power factor is usually not due to Incandescent lamp.
584. For which among the following consumers is penalty imposed for low power factor?
Explain:- Industrial consumer is penalty imposed for low power factor.
585. The primary reason for the low power factor is due to the installation of
Explain:- The primary reason for the low power factor is due to the installation of Induction motors.
586. Static capacitors are rated in terms of
Explain:- Static capacitors are rated in terms of kVAR.
587. Which of the following is the disadvantage of static capacitor for power factor improvement?
Explain:- All of these are the disadvantage of static capacitor for power factor improvement .
588. Arc and induction furnaces operate on
Explain:- Arc and induction furnaces operate on very low lagging power factor.
589. When p.f. at the generating station is improved, the cost per unit
Explain:- When p.f. at the generating station is improved, the cost per unit decreases.
590. When p.f. is improved, the kW capacity of alternators is
Explain:- When p.f. is improved, the kW capacity of alternators is Increased.
591. Which of the following is the disadvantage due to low power factor?
Explain:- All of these are the disadvantages due to low power factor.
592. For a consumer the most economical power factor is generally
Explain:- For a consumer the most economical power factor is generally 0.95 lagging.
593. An induction motor has relatively high power factor at
Explain:- An induction motor has relatively high power factor at near full load.
594. By the use of which of the following power factor can be improved?
Explain:- By using any of the above power factor can be improved.
595. Drawbacks of low power factor are
Explain:- All of these are the drawbacks of low power factor.
596. Causes of low power factor are
Explain:- Option C is correct.
597. Cause of low power factor is
Explain:- All of these are the causes of low power factor.
598. Disadvantage of low power factor is
Explain:- All of these are the disadvantages of low power factor.
599. Low power factor be avoided by
Explain:- Option D is correct.
600. When power factor of the load increases, losses in the transmission and distribution lines
Explain:- When power factor of the load increases, losses in the transmission and distribution lines decreases.
601. Transfer of power between two power systems take place with power flowing from the system with the
Explain:- Transfer of power between two power systems take place with power flowing from the system with the leading power factor.
602. Best location for power factor improvement apparatus is
Explain:- Option C is correct.
603. A synchronous condenser is virtually which of the following?
Explain:- A synchronous condenser is virtually an over excited synchronous motor.
604. Which among these is the advantage of synchronous condensers?
Explain:- The advantage of synchronous condenser is that it helps in achieving the stepless control of power factor.
605. Phase advancers are used for which among the following machines?
Explain:- Phase advancers are used for Induction motors.
606. What is the main disadvantage of phase advancers?
Explain:- The main disadvantage of phase advancers is that it cannot be used for motors below 200 HP.
607. An over excited synchronous motor on no-load is known as
Explain:- An over excited synchronous motor on no-load is known as synchronous condenser.
608. Which of the following is called as cold reserve?
Explain:- Cold reserve in a power system is that reserve capacity which is available for service but normally not ready for immediate loading. A Cold reserve is ensured by special reserve units with small start-up and spin-up time. Period of the cold reserve start-up varies from 2 to 24 hours and more. Units with small start-up time usually have a power-on reserve. For example, we have an idle generator that can be taken into service if demand increases.
609. Which of the following is called as hot reserve?
Explain:- Hot Reserve in a power system is that reserve capacity which can be made available quickly. For example, we have a hydroelectric generator of rating say 200 MVA but currently supplies only 150 MVA. In this case we have 50 MVA hot reserves that can be loaded immediately by simply opening the valve to the hydro turbine.
610. Which of the following is called as spinning reserve?
Explain:- Spinning Reserve : Reserve Capacity of plant connected to grid ready to take load.
611. Generators kept for spinning reserve are
Explain:- Generators kept for spinning reserve are running on light loads.
612. Amortization of a plant is
Explain:- Amortization of a plant is less than the plant life.
613. Quadrature boost employed in the interconnected system is used to transfer
Explain:- Quadrature boost employed in the interconnected system is used to transfer real power.
614. To improve the overall efficiency of thermal plant
Explain:- To improve the overall efficiency of thermal plant, Initial pressure and temperature and exhaust pressure and temperature are at maximum.
615. Difference between load factor and capacity factor is the indication of
Explain:- Difference between load factor and capacity factor is the indication of Reserve capacity.
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